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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall comprising: providing a thermally insulating barrier comprising two insulating panels (3) delimiting an inter-panel space (2), - providing an insulating plug (1) having a kraft paper envelope completely covering an insulating core, - inserting a suction nozzle of a suction system (24) into the insulating plug (1) through an orifice of the kraft paper envelope, - to exert a depression in the insulating plug (1) so as to reduce the thickness of said insulating plug (1) by depression, to insert the insulating plug (1) in the inter-panel space (2) while maintaining the suction of the suction system (24), - When the insulating plug (1) is inserted into the inter-panel space (2), remove the suction nozzle from the insulating plug (1).
    公开号:FR3077764A1
    申请号:FR1851139
    申请日:2018-02-09
    公开日:2019-08-16
    发明作者:Bruno Deletre；Jean-Yves Le Stang；Charles GIMBERT；Jean-Damien Capdeville
    申请人:Gaztransport et Technigaz SARL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical area
    The invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes. In particular, the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquid at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) having for example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at around -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure. These tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank can be intended for the transport of liquefied gas or to receive liquefied gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
    Technological background
    There has been described, for example in document FR2724623 or document FR 2599468, a wall structure for producing the flat wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank. Such a vessel wall comprises a multilayer structure comprising, from the exterior of the vessel towards the interior of the vessel, a secondary thermally insulating barrier, a secondary waterproof membrane, a primary thermally insulating barrier and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquid contained in the tank. Such tanks have insulating panels juxtaposed so as to form the thermally insulating barriers. In addition, in order to ensure continuity of the insulating characteristics of said thermally insulating barriers, insulating joints are inserted between two insulating panels.
    Document JP04194498 describes a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing and transporting cryogenic liquid comprising a thermally insulating barrier made up of insulating panels juxtaposed in a regular pattern. A flat insulating joint is arranged between two adjacent insulating panels in order to prevent the phenomena of gas convection between the two adjacent insulating panels. Such a flat insulating joint consists of an insulating core surrounded by a waterproof plastic film bag. Such a flat insulating joint is inserted into the inter-panel space in a vacuum compressed state and the waterproof bag is pierced after insertion in order to allow the flat insulating joint to expand and occupy all the space between the two panels forming the inter-panel space.
    summary
    The Applicant has found that insulating joints such as according to documents FR2724623 or FR2599468 are difficult to accommodate in said interpanel space. In addition, these insulating joints do not guarantee that such insulating joints optimally fill the entire inter-panel space. Thus, such insulating joints do not reliably guarantee the continuity of the insulation in the thermally insulating barriers so that spaces conducive to convection phenomena can be present in the thermally insulating barriers.
    The Applicant has also found that a flat insulating joint such as according to document JP04194498 allows good insertion of the flat insulating joint in the inter-panel space and good occupation of said interpanel space. However, such a flat insulating joint can generate the use of conduits favoring natural convection during use. When the tank is cold, the behavior in thermal contraction of the flat insulating joint is determined by the plastic film bag. Or a te! plastic film bag has a coefficient of thermal contraction greater than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the insulating panels. Thus, the Applicant has noted that these flat insulating joints contract more than the inter-panel space in which they are housed and that this contraction results in a vacuum separating the flat insulating joint and the faces of the panels delimiting the space inter-panels. Such a vacuum promotes convection phenomena and is detrimental to the insulation characteristics of the thermally insulating barrier.
    An idea underlying the invention is to provide a tank wall for the manufacture of a sealed and thermally insulating tank which does not have these drawbacks. A basic idea of the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall in which an insulating plug fills the inter-panel space between two adjacent panels with a thermally insulating barrier in a reliable manner and without generating a vacuum. in said inter-panel space during use of the tank.
    For this, the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall comprising a thermally insulating barrier defining a planar support surface and a sealing membrane resting on said planar support surface of the thermally insulating barrier, the thermally insulating barrier comprising a plurality of insulating panels juxtaposed in a regular pattern, the lateral faces facing two adjacent insulating panels jointly delimiting an inter-panel space separating said two adjacent insulating panels, the vessel wall further comprising an insulating plug arranged in the inter-panel space so as to fill said inter-panel space, said insulating plug comprising an insulating core covered at least partially by a kraft paper envelope, said insulating core comprising laminated glass wool, said glass wool laminate with overlapping plies of fibers s elon a direction of lamination, the insulating plug being arranged in the inter-panel space so that the lamination direction of the laminated glass wool is parallel to a direction of width of the inter-panel space, c ' that is to say the direction of spacing between the two opposite lateral faces.
    Such a tank wall has good insulating characteristics of the thermally insulating barrier. In particular, such a tank wall has a thermally insulating barrier ensuring continuous insulation whatever the filling state of the tank.
    More particularly, the kraft paper envelope surrounding the insulating core of the insulating plug has a low coefficient of friction allowing the insertion of said insulating plug into the entire inter-panel space in a simple and reliable manner but is not as tear resistant than PVC. This insertion is facilitated by the orientation of the laminated glass wool which allows good compression of the insulating core for its insertion. Indeed, such an arrangement of glass wool allows good compression of the insulating core in a simple manner for its insertion into the inter-panel space. This arrangement of laminated glass wool also allows the insulating core to expand quickly and easily after insertion of the insulating plug into the inter-panel space, thus making it possible to fill the inter-panel space as well as possible.
    In addition, this kraft envelope has a behavior in contraction close to the behavior of the insulating core so that the insulating plug does not deform irregularly, for example by undulating, and marries the dimensions of the inter-panel space whatever or the filling level of the tank.
    According to embodiments, such a wall may include one or more of the following characteristics.
    According to one embodiment, the direction of stratification of the laminated glass wool is perpendicular to at least one of the lateral faces facing the two adjacent insulating panels delimiting the inter-panel space.
    According to one embodiment, the lateral faces facing the two adjacent insulating panels delimiting the inter-panel space are parallel.
    According to one embodiment, the layers of fibers of the laminated glass wool are parallel to the faces of the adjacent insulating panels delimiting the inter-panel space.
    According to one embodiment, the insulating core comprises at least one separator developing in a plane perpendicular to a thickness direction of the tank wall, said separator separating the laminated glass wool into a plurality of sections of laminated glass wool aligned in said direction of thickness of the tank.
    According to one embodiment, the insulating core comprises a plurality of separators separating the laminated glass wool into a plurality of laminated glass wool sections aligned in the thickness direction of the tank wall
    According to one embodiment, said separators are spaced 5 to 20 cm apart depending on the thickness direction of the tank wall.
    According to one embodiment, one or such separators are made of kraft paper.
    According to one embodiment, the separator or separators are bonded to the sections of glass wool that said one or more separators separate.
    According to one embodiment, the separator or separators develop in the direction of width of the inter-panel space over a distance less than the thickness of the insulating plug taken in said direction of width of the inter-panel space.
    Thanks to these characteristics, the insulating plug has a rigidity in the direction of the thickness allowing its compression in a uniform way for its insertion in the inter-panel space. In addition, such separators allow a pressure drop in the thickness direction of the tank wall limiting convection through the glass wool laminated in the tank wall.
    According to one embodiment, the insulating core comprises a laminated glass wool having a density between 20 and 45 kg / m3.
    According to one embodiment, the insulating core comprises a first insulating layer of laminated glass wool and a second insulating layer of laminated glass wool, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer being superimposed along the width direction of the space inter-panels, the laminated glass wool of the first and second insulating layers having a direction of stratification parallel to the width direction of the interpanel space, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer being separated by a separating sheet of fabric glass developing parallel to the faces of the two insulating panels.
    According to one embodiment, the laminated glass wool of the first insulating layer has a direction of stratification parallel to the direction of width of the inter-panel space.
    According to one embodiment, the laminated glass wool of the second insulating layer has a direction of stratification parallel to the direction of width of the inter-panel space.
    According to one embodiment, the laminated glass wool of the first insulating layer has a density greater than the density of the laminated glass wool of the second insulating layer.
    According to one embodiment, the first insulating layer comprises a laminated glass wool of density between 33 and 45 kg / m3.
    According to one embodiment, the second insulating layer comprises a laminated glass wool having a density between 20 and 28 kg / m3.
    According to one embodiment, the first insulating layer comprises at least one separator, preferably made of kraft paper, separating the laminated glass wool from said first layer into a plurality of laminated glass wool sections aligned in the thickness direction of the tank wall.
    Thanks to these characteristics, an insulating layer, the first insulating layer, can be dedicated to ensuring good rigidity of the insulating plug and an insulating layer, the second insulating layer, can be dedicated to allow controlled deformation of the insulating plug in its direction d thickness to facilitate its insertion into the inter-panel space.
    According to one embodiment, the envelope completely surrounds the insulating core.
    According to one embodiment, the envelope comprises a plurality of envelope portions bonded together and / or bonded to the insulating core.
    According to one embodiment, the kraft paper of the envelope has a basis weight between 60 and 150 g / m2 and preferably between 70 and 100 g / m2.
    According to one embodiment, the envelope has a seal having a leakage rate configured to allow compression by depression of the insulating plug under the effect of a suction system, for example of the vacuum pump or vacuum generator type. with Venturi system.
    According to one embodiment, the envelope comprises front portions, each lateral portion covering a respective face of the insulating core.
    According to one embodiment, the envelope comprises edge portions, each edge portion covering a respective edge of the insulating core.
    According to one embodiment, the envelope comprises corner portions, each corner portion covering a corner of the insulating core.
    According to one embodiment, the different adjacent envelope portions have one or more overlapping zones covering or being covered by a covering zone of an adjacent envelope portion.
    According to one embodiment, the various adjacent envelope portions are assembled by gluing at their overlap zones.
    According to one embodiment, the difference in thermal contraction coefficient between the thermal contraction coefficient of the insulating core and the thermal contraction coefficient of the envelope is less than or equal to 15.10 ' 6 / K.
    According to one embodiment, the module of the envelope is greater than the module of the insulating core so that the envelope is able to compress the insulating core.
    According to one embodiment, the coefficient of thermal contraction of the insulating core is between 5.10 ' 6 / K and 10.10' 6 / K.
    According to one embodiment, the coefficient of thermal contraction of the envelope is between 5.10 ' 6 / K and 20.10' 6 / K.
    Thanks to these characteristics, the compression of the envelope when it contracts under the effect of the cold does not compress the insulating core significantly. In particular, this compression does not risk deforming the insulating core to the point that said insulating core takes on a wavy shape, such a wavy shape being able to generate voids promoting convection.
    According to one embodiment, the insulating panels of the thermally insulating barrier comprise blocks of polyurethane foam.
    According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall, said method comprising the steps of:
    - Provide a thermally insulating barrier of a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall, said thermally insulating barrier comprising a plurality of insulating panels juxtaposed in a regular pattern, the lateral faces facing two adjacent insulating panels delimiting an inter-space panels separating said two adjacent insulating panels,
    Provide a parallelepipedal insulating plug comprising an insulating core, said insulating plug comprising a kraft paper envelope completely covering the insulating core,
    Insert a suction nozzle of a suction system into the insulating plug through an opening in the kraft paper envelope,
    - exert a vacuum in the insulating plug so as to reduce the thickness of said insulating plug by vacuum,
    Insert the insulating plug into the inter-panel space while maintaining the suction of the suction system to maintain the vacuum during the step of inserting said insulating plug into the inter-panel space,
    When the insulating plug is inserted in the inter-panel space, remove the suction end of the insulating plug so that the interior space of the kraft paper envelope is in communication with the ambient pressure through the orifice of the kraft paper envelope.
    Thanks to these characteristics, the insulating plug is simple and quick to insert into the inter-panel space. Indeed, an insulating plug having a kraft paper envelope completely surrounding the insulating core has a sufficient seal to allow its compression by depression while providing an external surface easily allowing its insertion into the interpanel space. In addition, maintaining the vacuum in the insulating plug during its insertion into the inter-panel space makes it possible to keep the insulating plug in a compressed form, the insulating plug then retaining a reduced thickness due to its compression which facilitates its insertion in the inter-panel space.
    In addition, the simple removal of the suction nozzle from the suction system allows the internal space of the kraft paper envelope to communicate with the external environment, thus allowing the expansion of the insulating core without require additional maneuver when the insulating plug is positioned in the inter-panel space.
    According to embodiments, such a tank wall manufacturing process can include one or more of the following characteristics.
    According to one embodiment, the reduction in thickness of the insulating plug is such that the insulating plug has a thickness less than the width of the inter-panel space.
    According to one embodiment, the suction tip of the suction system is configured to perforate the kraft paper envelope of the insulating plug, the step of inserting the suction tip into the insulating plug comprising a step for perforating the kraft paper envelope by said suction nozzle of the suction system.
    Thus, the step of inserting the suction nozzle into the insulating plug is simple since it simply requires piercing the kraft paper envelope with said suction nozzle.
    According to one embodiment, the suction end piece includes a flange, the step of inserting the suction end piece of the suction system into the insulating plug comprising the step of bringing the flange to bear against the envelope in kraft paper.
    Thus, the cooperation between the suction nozzle and the kraft paper envelope takes place without significant leakage, allowing the suction system to ensure a vacuum in the kraft paper envelope in a simple and rapid manner.
    According to one embodiment, the insulating core of the insulating plug comprises a laminated glass wool, said laminated glass wool comprising a plurality of layers of fibers superimposed in a direction of stratification, and in which the suction nozzle is inserted in the insulating plug at a side face of the insulating plug, said side face being parallel to the direction of stratification of the laminated glass wool.
    According to one embodiment, the laminated glass wool is arranged in the parallelepipedal insulating plug so that the sheets of fibers are parallel to the long sides of said parallelepipedal insulating plug.
    According to one embodiment, the insertion of the insulating plug into the inter-panel space is made so that the direction of lamination is parallel to a support surface formed by the insulating panels of the thermally insulating barrier.
    According to one embodiment, the insertion of the insulating plug into the inter-panel space is made so that the laminating direction of the laminated glass wool is perpendicular to the lateral faces of the insulating panels delimiting the inter-panel space. In other words, the insulating plug is inserted into the inter-panel space so that the layers of fibers of the laminated glass wool are parallel to said side faces of the insulating panels.
    Thanks to these characteristics, the layers of fibers of the glass wool laminated with the aforementioned direction of stratification do not generate a significant pressure drop during the vacuum step by suction via the suction system, thus allowing rapid compression. and uniform of the insulating plug. In addition, this insertion of the end of the nozzle of the suction system at a side face of the envelope allows compression of the insulating plug without requiring too high a pumping rate of the suction system, limiting thus the risks of degradation of the envelope linked to too great a suction and detrimental to the compression of the insulating plug.
    According to one embodiment, the insulating core comprises separators arranged parallel to the direction of lamination, the insulating plug being inserted in the inter-panel space so as to arrange said separators parallel to the support surface formed by the thermally insulating barrier .
    According to one embodiment, the insulating plug is inserted into the inter-panel space with a face crossed by the suction nozzle of the suction system facing the interior of the tank.
    Thus, the step of inserting the insulating plug into the inter-panel space is not disturbed by the presence of the end piece passing through one face of the insulating plug.
    According to one embodiment, the kraft paper envelope has a leakage rate lower than the pumping rate of the suction system.
    Thus, the vacuum allows quickly and simply to obtain a compression of the insulating plug for its insertion in the inter-panel space.
    According to one embodiment, the suction system has a pumping rate between 8m3 / h and 30 m3 / h, preferably 15m3 / h.
    According to one embodiment, in which in the insertion step, the insulating plug is guided in the inter-panel space by means of a rigid guide in the form of plates.
    Such a rigid guide allows easy insertion of the insulating plug into the inter-panel space.
    According to one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of cutting out at least one of the lateral faces of the kraft paper envelope after insertion of the insulating plug in the inter-panel space. Such a cut is for example carried out in the form of a stab and allows better gas circulation between adjacent insulating plugs in the thermally insulating barrier.
    According to one embodiment, the suction system is a vacuum pump. According to one embodiment, the suction system is a vacuum generator with a Venturi system.
    Such a tank wall can be part of a terrestrial storage installation, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, in particular an LNG tanker or any ship using a combustible liquefied gas as fuel , a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating remote production and storage unit (FPSO) and others.
    According to one embodiment, the invention provides a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a tank comprising the above-mentioned waterproof wall disposed in the double hull.
    According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a ship, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage installation to or from the vessel of the ship.
    According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned ship, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the ship to a floating storage installation. or terrestrial and a pump to drive a flow of cold liquid product through the isolated pipes from or to the floating or terrestrial storage facility to or from the vessel of the ship.
    Brief description of the figures
    The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration and without limitation. , with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    - Figure 1 is an exploded schematic perspective view of an insulating plug intended to be inserted between two insulating panels of a thermally insulating barrier of a sealed and thermally insulating tank;
    - Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating plug of Figure 1 in the assembled state;
    - Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of the insulating plug of Figure 1;
    - Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of an installation for manufacturing laminated glass wool;
    - Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of a vacuum pump nozzle when inserted into an insulating plug of Figure 1;
    - Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating plug of Figure 2 associated with a vacuum pump in which the end of the nozzle of the vacuum pump is inserted into said insulating plug;
    - Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of the insulating plug of Figure 5 when inserted into the inter-panel space separating two adjacent panels from a thermally insulating barrier of a sealed and thermally insulating tank;
    - Figure 8 is an exploded schematic perspective view of an insulating plug according to a first embodiment;
    - Figure 9 is a sectional view of an insulating plug according to a second embodiment;
    - Figure 10 is a cutaway schematic representation of an LNG tank and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
    - Figure 11 is a schematic representation of an insulating plug being inserted into an inter-panel space by means of a rigid guide;
    - Figure 12 is a partial detail view of Figure 11.
    Detailed description of embodiments
    By convention, the terms "external" and "internal" are used to define the relative position of one element with respect to another, by reference to the interior and exterior of the tank.
    A sealed and thermally insulating tank for the storage and transport of a cryogenic fluid, for example Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) comprises a plurality of tank walls each having a multilayer structure.
    Such sealed and thermally insulating tank walls have, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier resting against a support structure, a secondary sealing membrane resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier, a barrier thermally insulating primary resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
    The supporting structure may in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties. The supporting structure can in particular be formed by the hull or double hull of a ship. The supporting structure has a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank, usually a polyhedral shape.
    Furthermore, thermally insulating barriers can be produced in many ways, in many materials. Such thermally insulating barriers each comprise a plurality of insulating panels of parallelepiped shape juxtaposed in a regular pattern. The insulating panels of these thermally insulating barriers jointly form flat support surfaces for the waterproofing membranes. Such insulating panels are for example made of polyurethane foam blocks. Such insulating panels made of polyurethane foam blocks may further comprise a cover plate and / or a bottom plate, for example made of plywood.
    By way of example, such tanks are described in patent applications WO14057221 or FR2691520.
    The juxtaposition of the insulating panels to form a thermally insulating barrier generates the presence of inter-panel spaces between two adjacent insulating panels 3. In other words, an inter-panel space 2 separates the lateral faces opposite two adjacent insulating panels 3 (see FIG. 6). In order to ensure the continuity of the insulation in the thermally insulating barrier, an insulating plug 1 is inserted in the inter-panel space 2 separating the two lateral faces facing the two adjacent insulating panels 3. Figures 1 to 3 illustrate such an insulating plug 1.
    The insulating plug 1 comprises an insulating core 4 covered by an envelope 5. This insulating plug 1 has a parallelepiped shape corresponding to the parallelepiped shape of the inter-panel space 2 and defining the shape of the insulating plug 1. Thus, this insulating plug 1 has two large parallel faces 6. These two large faces 6 define a length direction 7 of the insulating plug 1 and a width direction 8 of the insulating plug 1. Lateral faces 9 developing in a thickness direction 10 of the insulating plug 1 connect the sides of the large faces 6 .
    The insulating core 4 is made of glass wool 11. The glass wool 11 used is a laminated glass wool, that is to say that the production process results in a glass wool mat 11 consisting of multiple layers interlaced parallels, visible to the naked eye, which are superimposed in a direction of stratification 12. In other words, the fibers are most of the time oriented in planes perpendicular to the direction of stratification 12.
    Such a laminated glass wool 11 can be obtained for example by a manufacturing process on a horizontal conveyor belt 13, illustrated schematically in FIG. 4. In such a manufacturing process, sand and crushed glass are melted in an oven 14 whose the temperature is for example from 1300 to 1500 ° C. The molten crushed sand and glass is then transformed into fibers by spinning by rapid rotation. A binder is added to these fibers and the assembly thus obtained is received on the horizontal conveyor belt 13 for passage through a polymerization oven 15 intended for the polymerization of the binder. In this case, the fibers are essentially parallel to the conveyor belt 13. The stratification direction corresponds to the vertical direction in the production tool because the stratification results from the effect of gravity. Other production methods can be envisaged for producing a laminated glass wool.
    In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, the glass wool 11 of the core 4 has a density of 22 or 35 or 40 kg / m3.
    The core 4 comprises sections 16 of glass wool 11 separated by separators 17. Such separators 17 develop perpendicular to the width direction 8 of the insulating plug 1. These separators 17 develop over the entire length 7 and throughout the thickness 10 of the insulating plug 1. The separators 17 are advantageously bonded to the sections 16 of glass wool 11 separated by said separators 17.
    FIG. 1 thus illustrates a core 4 comprising four sections 16 of glass wool 11 separated along the width direction 8 of the insulating plug 1 by three separators 17. FIG. 1 constitutes a preferred solution with respect to the number of separators, that is that is, the minimum number of separators to avoid convection when the temperature gradient is greater than 100 ° C. FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the core 4 has three sections 16 separated along the width direction 8 of the insulating plug 1 by two separators 17.
    The glass wool 11 is arranged in the core 4 so as to present a stratification direction 12 perpendicular to the width 8 of the insulating plug 1. In other words, the layers of fibers constituting the glass wool 11 are arranged substantially in parallel to the width direction 8 of the insulating plug 1.
    Preferably, the glass wool 11 is arranged in the core 4 with a laminating direction 12 parallel to the thickness direction 10 of the insulating plug 1, that is to say that the fiber sheets of the glass wool 11 are substantially parallel to the large faces 6 of the insulating plug 1. In other words, the layers of fibers constituting the glass wool 11 are arranged substantially parallel to the width direction 8 and to the length direction 7 of the insulating plug 1 .
    As illustrated in FIG. 1, the envelope 5 comprises a plurality of envelope portions. More particularly, the envelope 5 comprises flat envelope portions 18, lateral envelope portions 19 and corner envelope portions 20. These envelope portions 18, 19, 20 are fixed, for example by gluing , on the nucleus 4.
    The planar envelope portions 18 cover the core 4 and form the large faces 6 of the insulating plug 1. These planar envelope portions 18 are rectangular in shape and of dimensions substantially identical to the dimensions of the core 4 on its large faces.
    The lateral envelope portions 19 comprise a central portion of rectangular shape covering a corresponding lateral face of the core 4. This central portion forms a corresponding lateral face 9 of the insulating plug 1. The lateral envelope portions 19 also comprise, on the side and on the other side of the central portion, a return 21. These returns 21 develop from longitudinal sides of the central portion. These returns 21 develop parallel to a respective flat envelope portion 18 so as to cover an edge of said flat envelope portion 18. These returns 21 are bonded to said edges of flat envelope portions 18. In other words, the lateral envelope portions 19 form a lateral face 9 of the insulating plug 1 and also cover the core 4 at the edges 22 connecting said lateral face 9 and the large faces 6.
    The corner envelope portions 20 cover the lateral envelope portions 19 forming two lateral faces 9 of the adjacent insulating plug 1. In other words, these corner envelope portions 20 cover the edges of the core 4 at the junction between two lateral faces 9 of the insulating plug 1. In a similar manner to the returns 21 of the lateral envelope portions 19, the portions of corner envelope 20 have corner returns 23 developing parallel to and covering the ends of the returns 21 of the corresponding lateral envelope portions 19. The corner envelope portions 20 are bonded to the lateral envelope portions 19 which they cover.
    Thus, the various envelope portions 18, 19, 20 are bonded to each other and to the glass wool 11 to form a continuous envelope 5 completely surrounding the core 4. In an embodiment not illustrated, the portions 18 and 19 placed on the bottom and the top can be made in a single piece of kraft.
    The envelope 5 is made of kraft paper. Such kraft paper offers a low coefficient of friction, thus allowing the insulating plug 1 to slide in the inter-panel space 2 when it is inserted into said interpanel space 2. In addition, such kraft paper has a coefficient of thermal contraction of in the range of 5 to 20 * 1 θ ' 6 / K. So, a te! kraft paper has a coefficient of thermal contraction close to that of insulating core 4 placed in the inter-panel space. Thus, the insulating plug 1 has a uniform cold behavior. Indeed, the insulating core 4 is not likely to be deformed under the effect of a compression linked to the thermal contraction of the envelope 5. In particular, the insulating core 4 is not likely to be deformed by taking a wavy shape under the effect of this compression, such a corrugated shape generating in the interpanel space 2 voids promoting convection and therefore detrimental to the insulating properties of the thermally insulating barrier.
    The kraft paper of the envelope 5 has a grammage greater than 60 g / m 2 in order to avoid the risk of tearing of the envelope 5 during the insertion of the insulating plug 1 in the inter-panel space. In addition, this kraft paper has a grammage of less than 150 g / m 2 so that the envelope 5 retains sufficient flexibility to allow the deformation of the insulating plug 1 by compression and preferably between 70 and 100 g / m 2 .
    The method of inserting the insulating plug 1 into the inter-panel space is described below with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7.
    Initially, an insulating plug 1 having the structure as described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3 is provided. This insulating plug 1 has a shape complementary to the inter-panel space 2, typically a parallelepiped shape as described above.
    This insertion process uses a suction system. Such a suction system is in the following description, by way of example, a vacuum pump 24 as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. In an embodiment not illustrated, such a suction system is a vacuum generator with Venturi system. Such a vacuum pump 24 is connected to a suction nozzle 25 via a pumping hose 26. This suction nozzle 25 has a flange 27 of planar circular shape. The suction nozzle 25 has a frustoconical shape so as to have an opposite end to the pumping pipe 26 capable of perforating the envelope 5 of kraft paper. Thus, the suction nozzle 25, and more particularly its perforation end, is inserted into the insulating plug 1 by perforating the envelope 5 made of kraft paper. This perforation of the envelope 5 generates a suction port 28 in the insulating plug 1.
    The suction nozzle 25 is inserted into the insulating plug 1 by passing through the casing 5 at a side face 9 intended to be turned towards the inside of the sealed and thermally insulating tank.
    Preferably, the suction nozzle 25 is inserted into the insulating plug 1 on a side face 9 perpendicular to the direction of lamination 12 of the glass wool 11.
    Furthermore, the suction nozzle 25 is inserted into the insulating plug 1 until the flange 27 is brought into contact with the envelope 5 made of kraft paper.
    As soon as the suction nozzle 25 is inserted into the insulating plug 1 and correctly positioned, that is to say that the flange 27 is in contact with the casing 5, the vacuum pump 24 is actuated in order to generate a vacuum in the insulating plug 1.
    Advantageously, the envelope 5 made of kraft paper has a sufficient seal, despite the porosity of the kraft paper and the junction between the different envelope portions 18, 19, 20 by gluing, so that this pumping rate of the vacuum pump 24 is sufficient to create a depression in envelope 5 in kraft paper. In addition, the support of the flange 27 against the casing 5 limits the leakage rate of the casing 5 at the orifice 28 through which the suction nozzle 25 passes. In other words, the casing 5 made of kraft paper has a leakage rate lower than the pumping rate of the vacuum pump 24 so that the suction produced by the vacuum pump 24 generates a vacuum in the insulating plug 1.
    The suction generated by the vacuum pump 24 has a suction flow of between 8 and 30 m3 / h. Preferably, the pumping rate is 15m3 / h. such a pumping flow rate of the vacuum pump 24 makes it possible to generate a vacuum in the insulating plug 1 without risking degrading the envelope 5 made of kraft paper by too high a suction flow rate.
    Preferably, the vacuum pump 24 includes a filter for filtering any fibers and dust from the glass wool 11 which can be sucked in by the vacuum pump 24.
    Furthermore, the suction produced by the vacuum pump is advantageously facilitated by the insertion of the suction nozzle 25 on a lateral face 9 of the insulating plug parallel to the direction of lamination 12 of the glass wool 11. In Indeed, the insertion of the suction nozzle 25 on such a lateral face 9 of the insulating plug allows suction without pressure loss linked to the stratification of the various layers of fibers constituting the glass wool 11.
    In addition, an arrangement of the glass wool 11 with a layering direction 12 parallel to the thickness direction 10 of the insulating plug 1 allows compression by depression of the insulating plug 1 along said thickness direction 10 facilitated.
    The presence of separators 17 in the core 4 makes it possible to stiffen the insulating plug 1 in order to standardize the compression of said insulating plug 1.
    The depression in the insulating plug 1 produces a compression of the glass wool 1 and therefore of the insulating plug 1. This compression of the glass wool 1 allows a reduction in the thickness of the insulating plug 1. Typically, the insulating plug 1 is dimensioned to have in the free state, that is to say uncompressed, a thickness greater than or equal to the width of the interpanel space 2 and in the compressed state a thickness less than said width of the inter space -panels 2. For example, in the context of an inter-panel space 2 of between 33mm and 27mm, the insulating plug 1 is dimensioned to have an initial thickness, that is to say in the free state, of 35mm and, in a state of compression, a thickness of 25mm.
    The insulating plug 1 is then inserted into the inter-panel space 2 between two adjacent insulating panels 3 of the thermally insulating barrier. As illustrated in FIG. 7 by the arrows 29, the insulating plug 1 is inserted into the inter-panel space 2 with its large faces 6 parallel to the lateral faces of the adjacent insulating panels 3 delimiting the inter-panel space 2. During this insertion, the suction nozzle 25 is held in the insulating plug 1 and the vacuum pump 24 continuously generates a vacuum in said insulating plug 1 in order to keep the insulating plug 1 in its compressed state. Maintaining the insulating plug 1 in its compressed state makes it easier to insert it into the inter-panel space 2 since the insulating plug 1 then has a thickness less than the width of the inter-panel space 2.
    The insulating plug 1 is inserted in the inter-panel space 2 so that the side face 9 through which the suction nozzle 25 passes is turned towards the interior of the tank, thus facilitating the handling of the assembly. formed by the insulating plug 1 and the suction nozzle 25. In addition, the insulating plug 1 is advantageously inserted into the inter-panel space having a layering direction 12 parallel to the width of the inter-panel space 2. Furthermore, the separators 17 are advantageously arranged in the insulating plug 1 so as to be parallel to the support surface 30 formed by the insulating panels 3. In FIG. 7, such insulating panels 3 comprise a block of foam. polyurethane 31 covered by a plywood plate 32 forming the support surface 30. Such an arrangement of the separators 17 makes it possible to limit the convection through the glass wool 11 in the tank wall.
    As soon as the insulating plug is correctly positioned in the inter-panel space 2, the suction nozzle 25 is removed from the insulating plug 1. Consequently, the interior of the envelope 5 is in communication with the environment. outside through the orifice 28. This communication allows the glass wool 11, because the vacuum is no longer maintained in the insulating plug 1, to expand in the absence of compression stress. The expansion of the glass wool 11 allows an increase in the thickness of the insulating plug 1 so that the insulating plug 1 completely fills the inter-panel space 2, thus ensuring good continuity of the insulation of the thermally insulating barrier. .
    In an embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, a rigid guide system can be used as a guide tool during the insertion of the insulating plug 1 into the inter-panel space 2.
    Such a guide system comprises a first rigid plate 33 and a second rigid plate 37. These two rigid plates 33, 37 each have an "L" section formed by a large rectangular face 38 and a return 39 developing perpendicular to the large face 38.
    The large face 38 has dimensions similar to the dimensions of the large faces 6 of the insulating plug 1.
    An internal face of the return 39 of the first plate 33 comprises a handle 40. This handle is substantially centered in the longitudinal direction of said return 39.
    The return 39 of the second plate 37 has a notch making it possible to house the handle 40 when the two plates 33, 37 are assembled as in FIG. 11. An internal face of the return 39 of the second plate 37 has two handles 41. These handles 41 are arranged on either side of the notch making it possible to house the handle 40 of the first plate 33.
    In order to insert the insulating plug 1 into the inter-panel space 2 using the rigid plates 33, 37, the insulating plug 1 is inserted between the two rigid plates 33, 37. More particularly, the large faces 6 of the insulating plug 1 are inserted and compressed between the large faces 38 of rigid plates 33, 37. The returns 39 of the rigid plates are superimposed in the thickness direction of the tank wall as illustrated in FIG. 12. This superposition is rendered possible by housing the handle 40 in the notch provided for this purpose by the return 39 of the second rigid plate 37.
    The rigid plates 33, 37, between which the insulating plug 1 is kept in its compressed state, can thus be inserted in the interpanel space 2 with the insulating plug 1. Once the insulating plug 1 inserted in the inter-panel space 2, the rigid plates can be removed using the handles 40, 41 thus releasing the insulating plug 1 from its compressed state and allowing its expansion to occupy the inter-panel space 2.
    FIG. 8 shows a first alternative embodiment of the insulating plug 1. In this first alternative, the elements identical or fulfilling the same function as those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 have the same reference.
    This first variant differs from the insulating plug 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the insulating core 4 comprises two insulating layers superimposed according to the thickness direction of the insulating plug 1.
    A first insulating layer 34 has a structure similar to the structure of the core described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, that is to say a structure comprising sections 16 of laminated glass wool 11 separated by separators 17 in Kraft paper. Said laminated glass wool sections 16 have a direction of stratification of the glass wool 11 parallel to the support surface 30 formed by the insulating panels 3, preferably parallel to the width of the inter-panel space 2 c ' that is to say parallel to the thickness direction 10 of the insulating plug 1.
    A second insulating layer 35 comprises a single layer of laminated glass wool 11. The direction of stratification of the laminated glass wool forming this second layer 35 is parallel to the support surface 30 formed by the insulating panels 3 and, preferably, parallel to the thickness direction 10 of the insulating plug 1.
    The first insulating layer 34 and the second insulating layer 35 are separated by a separation layer 36. This separation layer 36 is for example made of glass fabric.
    The first insulating layer 34 has a laminated glass wool 11 with a density greater than the density of the laminated glass wool 11 of the second insulating layer 35. For example, the laminated glass wool 11 of the first insulating layer 34 has a density from 35 to 40 kg / m3 and the laminated glass wool 11 of the second insulating layer 35 has a density of 22 kg / m3.
    FIG. 9 shows a second variant of the insulating plug 1. In this second variant, the elements identical or fulfilling the same function as those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 have the same reference.
    This second variant differs from the first variant illustrated in FIG. 8 in that the envelope 5 made of kraft paper does not entirely cover the insulating core 4. In fact, in this FIG. 9, the second insulating layer 35 is not covered at the level of a lateral face 9 of the insulating plug 1. In other words, one of the lateral envelope portions 19 covers only the first layer insulating 34 and has only one return 21, said return 21 being glued to the flat envelope portion 18 covering the first insulating layer 34.
    An insulating plug 1 according to the variants illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 has a good capacity for compression and expansion thanks to the second insulating layer 35 but retains a rigidity allowing its uniform deformation and limiting convection through the glass wool. 11 laminated thanks to its first insulating layer 34. Thus, such an insulating plug 1 can easily be deformed by compression to facilitate its insertion into the inter-panel space 2 while completely filling said inter-panel space 2 when the compression does not is more maintained and avoiding convection in the thermally insulating barrier. This compression can be done with the use of a suction system such as a vacuum pump 24 in the case of an insulating plug 1 such as according to FIG. 8 in which the casing 5 completely covers the insulating core 4, thus providing a sufficient seal to compress under the effect of a vacuum. This compression can on the contrary be done without a suction system in the case of an insulating plug such as according to FIG. 9 in which the casing 5 does not entirely cover the insulating core 4.
    The technique described above for producing a sealed and thermally insulating tank can be used in different types of tanks, for example to constitute the primary waterproofing membrane of an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tanker or other.
    With reference to FIG. 10, a cutaway view of an LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary waterproof barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary waterproof barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproof barrier and the secondary waterproof barrier and between the secondary waterproof barrier and the double shell 72.
    In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
    FIG. 10 shows an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and a shore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74. The mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The mobile arm 74 can be adjusted to suit all LNG tankers' sizes . A connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside tower 78. The loading station and
    of unloading 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the shore installation 77. This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connection pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the station loading or unloading 75. The submarine pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
    To generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
    Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these are within the scope of the invention.
    The use of the verb "behave", "understand" or "include" and its conjugate forms do not exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those set out in a claim.
    In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Method for manufacturing a tank wall, said method comprising the steps of:
    - Provide a thermally insulating barrier of a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall, said thermally insulating barrier comprising a plurality of insulating panels (3) juxtaposed in a regular pattern, the side faces facing two insulating panels (3) adjacent delimiting an interpanel space (2) separating said two adjacent insulating panels (3),
    Provide a parallelepipedal insulating plug (1) comprising an insulating core (4), said insulating plug (4) comprising a kraft paper envelope (5) completely covering the insulating core (4),
    - Insert a suction nozzle (25) of a suction system (24) into the insulating plug (1) through a hole (28) in the envelope (5) made of kraft paper,
    - exert a vacuum in the insulating plug (1) so as to reduce the thickness of said insulating plug (1) by vacuum,
    - Insert the insulating plug (1) in the inter-panel space (2) while maintaining the suction of the suction system (24) to maintain the vacuum during the step of inserting said insulating plug (1) into the inter-panel space (2),
    When the insulating plug (1) is inserted in the interpanel space (2), remove the suction nozzle (25) from the insulating plug (1) so that the interior space of the paper envelope (5) kraft is in communication with the ambient pressure through the orifice (28) of the envelope (5) in kraft paper.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the reduction in thickness of the insulating plug (1) is such that the insulating plug (1) has a thickness less than the width of the inter-panel space (2).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the suction nozzle (25) of the suction system (24) is configured to perforate the envelope (5) in kraft paper of the insulating plug (1 ), the step of inserting the suction nozzle (25) into the insulating plug (1) comprising a step of perforating the envelope (5) in kraft paper by said suction nozzle (25) of the system suction (24).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the suction nozzle (25) comprises a flange (27), the step of inserting the suction nozzle (25) of the system suction (24) in the insulating plug (1) comprising the step of bringing the flange (27) to bear against the envelope (5) made of kraft paper.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the core (4) insulating the insulating plug (1) comprises a glass wool (11) laminated, said glass wool (11) laminated comprising a plurality of layers fibers superimposed in a direction of stratification (12), and in which the suction end piece (25) is inserted in the insulating plug (1) at a side face (9) of the insulating plug (1), said side face (9) being parallel to the direction of lamination (12) of the laminated glass wool (11).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the insulating core (4) comprises separators (17) arranged parallel to the direction of lamination (12), the insulating plug (1) being inserted in the inter-panel space (2 ) so as to arrange said separators (17) parallel to the support surface (30) formed by the thermally insulating barrier.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the insulating plug (1) is inserted in the inter-panel space (2) with a face (9) traversed by the suction nozzle (25) of the suction system (24) facing the inside of the tank.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the envelope (5) in kraft paper has a leakage rate lower than the pumping rate of the suction system (24).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the insertion step, the insulating plug (1) is guided in the inter-panel space by means of a rigid guide in the form of plates ( 33, 37).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising
    5 the step of cutting at least one of the lateral faces (9, 19) of the envelope (5) in kraft paper after insertion of the insulating plug (1) in the inter-panel space (2).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the suction system is a vacuum pump or a vacuum generator system
    10 Venturi.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. The method of claim 11, wherein the suction system has a pumping rate between 8m3 / h and 30 m3 / h, preferably 15m3 / h.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    RU2762035C1|2021-12-14|
    FR3077764B1|2020-01-17|
    CN111699342A|2020-09-22|
    KR20190096839A|2019-08-20|
    KR102120579B1|2020-06-08|
    WO2019155158A1|2019-08-15|
    CN111699342B|2022-02-25|
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    法律状态:
    2019-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-08-16| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20190816 |
    2020-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-05-15| RM| Correction of a material error|Effective date: 20200403 |
    2021-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1851139A|FR3077764B1|2018-02-09|2018-02-09|PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK WALL COMPRISING INTER-PANEL INSULATING CAPS|
    FR1851139|2018-02-09|FR1851139A| FR3077764B1|2018-02-09|2018-02-09|PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK WALL COMPRISING INTER-PANEL INSULATING CAPS|
    RU2020125270A| RU2762035C1|2018-02-09|2019-02-05|Method for manufacturing wall of sealed and heat-insulating tank containing inter-panel insulation plugs|
    CN201980012607.2A| CN111699342B|2018-02-09|2019-02-05|Method for manufacturing a sealed thermally insulating tank wall comprising insulating inserts between plates|
    PCT/FR2019/050259| WO2019155158A1|2018-02-09|2019-02-05|Process for manufacturing a sealed, thermally insulating tank wall comprising insulating inserts between panels|
    KR1020190015753A| KR102120579B1|2018-02-09|2019-02-11|Method for manufacturing a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall comprising inter panel insulating plugs|
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